A Systematic Review of Sociocultural Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices

Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the key public health interventions for improving infant health and growth; however, its achievement continues to be shaped by a range of social and cultural factors within the community. This study aimed to identify and analyze the sociocultural aspects influencing exclusive breastfeeding practices through a systematic literature review (SLR) of national research findings. Data were drawn from ten scientific articles published within the past five years, encompassing quantitative, qualitative, and literature-review designs that examined sociocultural factors in exclusive breastfeeding practice. The analysis revealed that the most influential sociocultural factors include family support, husband's support, cultural values, traditional beliefs, community norms, and the customary practice of providing supplementary food or drink before the infant reaches six months of age. Social support from family members and the surrounding environment was found to strengthen mothers' ability to sustain exclusive breastfeeding, whereas myths, social pressure, and certain cultural practices constituted barriers to its implementation. This review indicates that improving exclusive breastfeeding coverage requires not only maternal education but also family- and community-based approaches that account for the sociocultural context of the community. The findings underscore that strategies for promoting exclusive breastfeeding must be multidimensional, encompassing the strengthening of social support, family engagement, and culturally sensitive health interventions.