Adecuación de la ingesta e hidratación en adultos hospitalizados con dietas de textura modificada en hospitales públicos de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires

Introduction: Texture modified diets (TMD) are used as a treatment for people with dysphagia or chewing difficulties. However, it has been reported that they may negatively affect food intake, with a potential impact on nutrition and hydration status. Objective: To estimate the adequacy of intake and hydration in hospitalized adults with TMD in Buenos Aires public hospitals. Methods: Observational, longitudinal, analytical, ambispective and multicenter study. Using a non-probability sampling, 102 patients with a TMD indication are included. Data on food intake are collected over three non-consecutive days, along with data on oral and parenteral fluid intake. Types of diet are classified according to the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI). Results: The mean of caloric adequacy for IDDSI levels 4, 5, and 6 is 88%, 85%, and 74.7%, respectively, and the protein adequacy is 105.8%, 104%, and 92%, with no significant differences between groups (p=0.277 and p=0.543). The median oral fluid intake is 637 ml, 867 ml, and 1000 ml at levels 4, 5, and 6, respectively, with significant differences (p=0.002). In those receiving parenteral hydration, the intake is increased, although it does not exceed 1300 ml. Conclusion: TMD, along with individualized supplementation strategies, can contribute to meeting nutritional requirements. However, hydration requires special attention, as does continuous monitoring of food and fluid intake by the healthcare professional groups and caregivers.