Counseling, Lifestyle Habits, and Lipid Status in Patients With Hyperlipidemia After Coronary Angiography

SAŽetAK: Uvod: hiperlipidemija je važan promjenjivi čimbenik kardiovaskularnog rizika.Kontrola lipidnoga statusa ovisi o liječenju, životnim navikama, znanju i pridržavanju terapije, pri čemu medicinska sestra može imati važnu edukacijsku ulogu.Svrha je ovog istraživanja ispitati povezanost životnih navika, pridržavanja propisane terapije, znanja o hiperlipidemiji te stavova o sestrinskom savjetovanju u bolesnika s dijagnosticiranom hiperlipidemijom koji su podvrgnuti koronarografiji.Bolesnici i metode: provedeno je presječno opažajno istraživanje na Odjelu za kardiologiju Kliničke bolnice Merkur.Uključeno je 29 bolesnika.Podatci su prikupljeni anonimnim upitnikom i podatcima kontrolnog lipidograma 3 -6 mjeseci nakon koronarografije.Povezanosti su ispitane Pearsonovim koeficijentom korelacije uz p < 0,05.Rezultati: prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 63,17 ± 10,83 godina, a 82,8 % bili su muškarci.Prosječni LDLkolesterol iznosio je 2,08 ± 1,03 mmol/L.Najviši prosječni rezultati zabilježeni su za stavove prema sestrinskom savjetovanju (4,77 ± 0,27) i pridržavanje terapije (4,65 ± 0,53), dok su niži rezultati zabilježeni za znanje o hiperlipidemiji (3,49 ± 0,95) i prehrambene navike (3,43 ± 0,76).Samo je 27,6 % ispitanika prethodno primilo sestrinsko savjetovanje.Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne povezanosti pojedinih područja upitnika s LDLkolesterolom ni ne-HDL kolesterolom.Utvrđena je pozitivna povezanost znanja o hiperlipidemiji i prehrambenim navikama (r = 0,584; p < 0,001).Zaključak: ispitanici su pokazali izrazito pozitivne stavove prema sestrinskom savjetovanju, iako ga je prethodno primio tek manji dio ispitanika.Nalazi upućuju na prostor za daljnje istraživanje strukturirane i individualizirane edukacije i sestrinskog savjetovanja u skrbi za bolesnike s hiperlipidemijom.SUMMARY: Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is an important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor.Lipid control depends on pharmacological treatment, lifestyle habits, disease-related knowledge, and medication adherence, with nurses potentially playing an important educational role.This study aimed to investigate the associations between lifestyle habits, adherence to prescribed therapy, knowledge of hyperlipidemia, and attitudes toward nurse-led counseling in patients with diagnosed hyperlipidemia who underwent coronary angiography.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.A total of 29 patients were included.Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire and follow-up lipid profile results obtained 3-6 months after coronary angiography.Associations were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.Results: The mean age of participants was 63.17 ± 10.83 years, and 82.8% of participants were men.The mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level was 2.08 ± 1.03 mmol/L.The highest mean scores were observed for attitudes toward nurse-led counseling (4.77 ± 0.27) and medication adherence (4.65 ± 0.53), whereas lower scores were recorded for knowledge of hyperlipidemia (3.49 ± 0.95) and dietary habits (3.43 ± 0.76).Only 27.6% of participants had previously received nurse-led counseling.No statistically significant associations were found between the questionnaire domains and LDL-C or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels.A positive association was identified between knowledge of hyperlipidemia and dietary habits (r = 0.584; p < 0.001).Conclusion: Participants demonstrated highly positive attitudes toward nurse-led counseling, although only a minority had previously received such counseling.These findings indicate the potential value of further research on structured, individualized patient education and nurse-led counseling in the care of patients with hyperlipidemia.