Integration of Iot in Smart Building Systems for Sustainable Urban Development

The rapid growth of urban populations has exacerbated energy waste, resource inefficiency, and environmental degradation in contemporary cities, necessitating crucial, smart building solutions. This paper examines the incorporation of the Internet of Things (IoT) in intelligent buildings to facilitate sustainable urban development. The study helps address inefficient building operations by proposing an IoT-based system built on distributed sensors, real-time data collection, cloud-based analytics, and automated control systems. The technology will be based on the implementation of environmental, occupancy, and energy-monitoring sensors within the building's subsystems, preliminary data processing, and predictive analytics to maximize energy efficiency, comfort, and work efficiency. The experimental analysis of a multi-zone smart building testbed has shown significant enhancements, including a reduction in yearly energy demand from 420 MWh to 338 MWh, a reduction in the HVAC system's peak load from 96 kW to 71 kW, and an increase in HVAC system efficiency to 0.82. Also, IAQ indicators, such as CO2 levels, remained below 900 ppm for more than 92% of the operating time, and automated lighting systems reduced unnecessary illumination by 3.1 hours per day. These findings support the claim that smart building systems powered by IoT can significantly improve energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and environmental performance. It is concluded that the mass implementation of IoT-integrated construction may be of utmost importance in ensuring the development of sustainable urban infrastructure by minimizing resource use, reducing operational expenses, and supporting data-driven city planning.