Paschen jumps in little red dots: Evidence of nebular continua

Little red dots (LRDs) are broad-line sources at high redshift that were initially identified by their compact morphologies, red colours, and inflection near the Balmer wavelength. The origin of their optical-to-near-infrared continua is debated, with proposed explanations ranging from direct recombination emission to thermalised blackbodies from stellar-like atmospheres. We report evidence of Paschen jumps in a subset of LRDs with a high signal-to-noise ratio, consistent with free-bound recombination to hydrogen n=3. The Paschen and Brackett continuum shapes in the LRD sample are consistent with minimally reddened nebular emission from low-temperature gas with T_ełesssim10,000,K, while the Paschen jump signatures limits scenarios in which the emission is thermalised. Further, the extreme Hα equivalent widths and the tight observed correlation between Hα and the continuum follow naturally if both originate in recombination emission. This provides an observational upper limit on the contribution of any direct active galactic nucleus accretion component and any stellar-atmosphere-like component, and also on the fraction of line emission that can be thermalised as it traverses the cocoon. Ultimately, ionised gas emission provide a self-consistent explanation of the continuum, line strengths, and line profiles without requiring multiple separately fitted components.