A Review of International Experiences in Adolescent Sexuality Education and Practical Implications for China

Sexuality education in China remains fragmented and unevenly implemented, despite adolescents' need for accurate information, skills to make consent, and access to support. Existing studies commonly examine areas alone: such as, curriculum, teachers, parents, or policy; this leaves limited guidance on how those factors may interact with each other in real context. Hence, this review analyses international cases and experiences of comprehensive sexuality education, identifying certain practical implications of those for China under the lens of ecological system theory. Through reviewing international and Chinese literature, together with UNESCO paper, this review covers certain aspects of implementation of sexuality education: curriculum design, delivery, teacher preparation, parental engagement, community support, and governmental policy. The review therefore indicates that the effectiveness CSE depend on several circumstances, in which should be age appropriate, progressive, participatory, and delivered by trained educators under the support from school-family-community network. Regarding the practical implications for China, the future practice could identify transferable experiences and adapt them to local needs, institutional capacity, and cultural conditions.