Children of Ukrainian War Refugees as a Factor in Making a Decision to (Not) Return to Their Homeland

The large-scale forced migration of the Ukrainian population caused by the full-scale war has brought the issue of citizens’ return after the end or de-escalation of hostilities to the forefront. In this context, the role of children has become particularly significant, as their educational, social, and psychological needs increasingly shape family migration strategies. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of children on the return intentions of Ukrainian war refugees, identify the key factors influencing family decisions regarding the return to Ukraine, and substantiate policy recommendations aimed at facilitating the repatriation and reintegration of families with children. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis of children as an independent factor influencing the return or non-return of Ukrainian war refugees and in identifying mechanisms for incorporating their needs into the development of state return policies. The research employs comparative, statistical, and analytical methods, as well as the method of generalization. It is based on the analysis of statistical data provided by international organizations, findings of sociological surveys of Ukrainian refugees, and international experience in the reintegration of returnee children. The study demonstrates that the longer children remain abroad and the deeper their integration into the host country’s educational system, social environment, and linguistic and cultural space, the lower the likelihood of their families returning to Ukraine. At the same time, the successful adaptation of children after return largely determines the sustainability of family repatriation and reduces the risk of repeated emigration. The findings suggest that an effective state return policy should include comprehensive measures to prepare children for re-emigration, support Ukrainian education abroad, preserve the Ukrainian language and national identity, and establish an effective system of educational, linguistic, psychological, and social support for returnee children in Ukraine. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying its findings to improve Ukraine’s migration, educational, and social policies aimed at encouraging the return of displaced citizens and ensuring the successful reintegration of families with children.