Simulation analysis of key influencing factors of vehicle deviation based on analytic hierarchy process

In this study, the factors causing vehicle deviation are first classified into vehicle-intrinsic and external environmental factors using a fishbone diagram. Nine key parameters are selected: tire pressure P , vehicle speed V , distance from the center of mass to the front axle a , damping coefficient C , spring stiffness E , steering gear ratio I , camber angle α , toe angle β , and road adhesion coefficient σ . Subsequently, an orthogonal array with nine factors at eight levels each is constructed, and the vehicle deviation under different parameter combinations is simulated in CarSim. The relative importance of these parameters is initially ranked through range analysis. Based on the simulation outcomes, a judgment matrix for the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is established to determine the weight of each parameter. The results show that the descending order of influence is β > V > σ > I > C > P > E > a > α , with corresponding weights of 36.48%, 18.42%, 13.86%, 7.98%, 7.98%, 5.59%, 3.31%, 3.24%, 3.14% respectively. This demonstrates that integrating the orthogonal experiment and range analysis with the AHP can provide objective data for constructing a judgment matrix with a satisfactory consistency ratio, thereby making the derived factor weights more reliable.