The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Electoral Processes: New Challenges and Risks

The article analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence on political elections. While elections were previously influenced by traditional mechanisms (radio, television, print media, and the internet), neural networks are now beginning to play a leading role. The study aims to identify the mechanisms by which artificial intelligence (AI) influences voter behavior and to assess the risks that neural networks pose to national security and democratic institutions. Key mechanisms of influence include micro-targeting and the personalization of an individual’s information environment, the use of deepfakes, disinformation, and more. The analysis is based on five case studies of AI usage in election campaigns between 2023 and 2025, as well as a comparison of regulatory frameworks governing AI application. It is demonstrated that no country currently possesses a sufficient regulatory framework to comprehensively regulate AI in elections and protect the electorate from manipulation. The paper proposes a system of countermeasures at the legislative, educational, and technological levels. It concludes that the situation requires systemic regulation and international cooperation, which are also crucial for safeguarding national sovereignty.