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P-14 American schools need nuanced discussions on violence and violent resistance in classrooms due to the landscape of police brutality within which our students learn. To make this argument, I consider shared and variant philosophical positions by Rev. Dr Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X as a small-scale example of a nuanced discussion on violence and violent resistance. I call for teacher training programs to discuss violence in schools with an effect of serious contemplation and openness to changing one's mind in order to engage the lived experience of violence from within which our students live and learn.
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Áila KK O'Loughlin (2026) studied this question.
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