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This study assessed the effect of cold chain infrastructure on the distribution effectiveness of heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals at Rwanda Medical Supply Ltd (RMS). Specifically, it examined the effects of cold chain equipment reliability, personnel competence, adequacy and implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and temperature monitoring systems on distribution effectiveness. The study was grounded in Supply Chain Management and Systems theories and adopted a mixed-methods descriptive and correlational research design. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of 109 RMS employees involved in cold chain operations using structured questionnaires and were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression.
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Jackson et al. (2026) studied this question.
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