Toward information transfer by graphene in the terahertz regime

Graphene supports highly confined, tunable surface-plasmon waves in the terahertz regime, making it a promising candidate for information transfer in next-generation integrated circuitry. We solved the classical time-domain Maxwell equations to determine the response of a graphene half-plane excited by a carrier plane wave amplitude-modulated by a narrow-width pulse, employing a recently formulated finite-element time-domain method with a perfectly matched layer. Detectability loss, Pearson correlation coefficient, and concordance coefficient were computed to assess signal fidelity between transmission and reception points. Simulations across varied pulse widths and carrier frequencies consistently yield Pearson correlations of approximately 91% and concordance coefficients of approximately 55%, with information-transfer distances reaching hundreds of micrometers. Lower carrier frequencies extend the absolute transfer distance. These findings establish graphene as a viable information-carrying medium in the terahertz gap.