Assessing resource allocation and exploring measures to promote human papillomavirus vaccination in Beijing, China

This study aimed to comprehensively assess the availability and resource allocation of HPV vaccination services in Beijing, and to identify effective strategies for improving public vaccine acceptance and uptake. An ecological study was conducted across 499 vaccination clinics in Beijing in 2024. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on HPV vaccination service provision at each vaccination clinic. Nearest neighbor analysis, kernel density analysis, hot-spot analysis, and the resource-utilization efficiency matrix were applied to assess the allocation and utilization of vaccination resources. A negative binomial regression model was employed to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for HPV vaccination. In Beijing, 39.28% of health-care facilities and 93.59% of vaccination clinics provided HPV vaccination services. Among these vaccination clinics, 79.87% were based in primary health-care facilities, while only 4.07% were adult vaccination clinics located in secondary or tertiary hospitals. Mean weekly service hours and staffing were lower in immunization clinics (8 hours, 10 staff) than in adult clinics (27 hours, 18 staff). Electronic queuing systems (IRR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.21–1.73), offline vaccination education (IRR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07–1.92), and ≥4 parental classes monthly (IRR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.29–6.65) were significantly associated with higher HPV vaccination coverage. To alleviate shortages of HPV vaccination resources at routine immunization clinics and given the stronger service capacity of current adult vaccination clinics, pilot expansion at selected secondary and tertiary facilities may be warranted, pending formal cost-effectiveness evaluation. Initiatives such as conducting parental education and establishing electronic queuing systems were associated with higher vaccination doses.