An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Relapse Among Post-Recovery Narcotics Inmates at the Class Iia Narcotics Correctional Facility Bandung

Background. The high rate of narcotics abuse in Indonesia, especially among the productive age group, raises concerns about relapse in recidivist inmates post-rehabilitation. Success in recovery is influenced significantly by individual psychosocial readiness, a factor that current rehabilitation programs do not adequately address. Research Purpose. This research aims to examine the process through which relapse occurs, identify its contributing factors, and formulate recommendations for social rehabilitation that prioritizes individual psychological readiness. Research Method. This research employs a qualitative interpretative phenomenological approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with eight informants, documentation studies, and literature reviews. Data were processed using NVivo 15 and analyzed through Relapse Prevention theory and the Transtheoretical Model. Findings. Through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), twelve superordinate themes were identified, collectively demonstrating that relapse is a gradual process influenced by individual factors, social environment, place, and substance availability, while abstinence is maintained through family support, positive environmental influences, craving management, and meaningful activities culminating in identity transformation. The overall pattern confirms that the difference between relapse and abstinence lies not in individual strength alone, but in the presence or absence of psychosocial supports that operate before vulnerability escalates into risk. Conclusion. Relapse persistence highlights a significant gap between institutional support and the lack of it after release. Incorporating the Transtheoretical Model’s Five Stages of Change as an assessment tool would allow rehabilitation programs to tailor their approach to individuals' psychological readiness, thus enhancing the transition from institutional recovery to lasting community abstinence.