Energy System for Wearables

Wearable energy systems play a crucial role in ensuring the continuous, stable functioning of smart garments, health monitoring devices, and human–machine interaction interfaces. The efficiency of these systems influences miniaturization, lightness, wearing comfort, and self‐sufficiency. With the evolution of wearable electronics from single‐channel signal acquisition to continuous physiological monitoring, multi‐channel sensing, and intelligent feedback, enhancing energy systems so that they are safer, run longer, and integrate more flexibly is critical to improving the autonomy and intelligence of wearable electronics. This review gives an overall summary of research developments in wearable energy systems, including energy demand analysis, multi‐channel energy harvesting, flexible energy storage, and system integration. Firstly, the technical challenges revolving around the energy demands and applications of wearable energy systems are systematically discussed. Then, a comprehensive survey of body‐environmental energy harvesting techniques and flexible energy storing techniques is carried out. Next, the implementation procedures of self‐powered multifunctional wearable systems are reviewed, ranging from separate modular structures to monolithic integrated ones. Finally, multi‐source hybrid energy harvesting and intelligent energy management have been discussed to highlight the effects of these processes on wearable energy systems. This review concludes with a discussion about the application potential and advantages of collaborative multi‐modal, energy‐integrated systems assisted by artificial intelligence.