Women's Voices Against Patriarchal Violence: Rights, Resistance, and Womanhood in Kadınlar Dünyası (1913)

(1913). Drawing on qualitative document analysis of its first 100 issues (820 pages), four themes emerged: naming oppression and rights deprivation, domestic and public manifestations of violence, exclusion from education and employment, and resistance through rights claims and redefining womanhood. Situated within the constitutional transformations following 1908, these discourses expose the tensions between proclaimed liberty and persistent male authority. The findings demonstrate how contributors transformed critiques of gendered domination into claims of dignity, equality, and public participation, highlighting the journal's significance in Ottoman women's history.