The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Integrated with YouTube and AI on Students’ Activities and Mathematical Concept Understanding

This study aims to analyze the influence of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) integrated with YouTube media and Artificial Intelligence (AI) on students' activeness and understanding of mathematical concepts. Despite the potential of digital technology, research comprehensively integrating these three components in high school mathematics remains limited. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design involving 60 grade X students at Maarif Pandaan High School, Pasuruan, selected through purposive sampling. The experimental group received PBL instruction enhanced by curated YouTube videos for visual scaffolding and AI tools for adaptive feedback, while the control group received conventional instruction. Data were collected using structured activity observation sheets, mathematical concept comprehension tests, and student perception questionnaires. The instruments demonstrated adequate validity and reliability for the research context. Descriptive analysis revealed substantial improvement in the experimental class, with student activity scores ranging from 74 to 97 and concept understanding scores from 76 to 88, exceeding those of the control class. Independent-samples t-tests yielded t-calculated values of 2.430 for activeness and 2.332 for concept comprehension, both exceeding the t-table value of 1.9876 (p < .05). Furthermore, the coefficient of determination () indicated that the intervention explained 65% of the variance in student activeness and 60.1% in concept comprehension, demonstrating a large and practically meaningful effect size. The study concludes that integrating PBL, YouTube, and AI synergistically significantly enhances both behavioral engagement and deep conceptual mastery. These findings suggest that educators should strategically combine constructivist models with multimodal digital resources to foster a more interactive and personalized learning environment, particularly for complex topics like trigonometry.