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This work presents a novel antenna design capable of producing a flat-top fan-beam profile through the integration of slotted apertures and a geometry-independent resonator. Starting with a three-slot cavity-backed design, the radiator is reconfigured into a five-slot structure by reshaping its geometry while preserving the original cross-sectional area, converting a pencil beam into a fan-shaped beam without shifting the resonant operating frequency. The cavity is loaded with an FR4 dielectric slab to achieve impedance matching, and metallic rods are placed around the slab to suppress undesired mode coupling. In addition, a stepped profile is utilized around the slot apertures to increase the flat-top beamwidth. The prototype exhibits a measured −10 dB bandwidth over 1.11 GHz, a 1 dB beamwidth directivity with ripple below 0.71 dB over 60°−70°, a 3 dB beamwidth over 80°, a peak realized gain of 7.84 dBi, and sidelobe levels below −10.02 dB. The proposed design offers a compact and competitive size compared to existing fan-beam antenna solutions, with overall dimensions of 0.95λo × 2.33λo × 3.10λo, while maintaining a simple structural configuration.
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Boas et al. (2026) studied this question.
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