Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Cataract: Treatment Strategies and Current Approaches

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, leading to microvascular complications. Among the organs most frequently affected by these complications, the eye is particularly vulnerable. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataract are common pathologies in diabetic patients and can result in significant visual impairment. This review examines the clinical significance of the coexistence of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and cataract, including surgical timing, preoperative assessment, prophylactic approaches, surgical techniques, and postoperative follow-up protocols based on current literature. In patients with NPDR, cataract surgery should be planned by taking into account the severity of retinopathy, the presence of macular edema, and systemic factors. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation, appropriate prophylactic treatments, and close postoperative monitoring enhance surgical success and reduce the risk of complications in this patient group. A multidisciplinary approach and individualized treatment strategies are essential to achieve optimal visual outcomes in the coexistence of NPDR and cataract.