Exometabolites of basidiomycetes as a means to increase wheat resistance to toxic action of aluminum

The effect of exometabolites of basidial fungi on the morphometric parameters of soft wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum) of the Premium variety under aluminum stress was studied. Extracellular metabolites were evaluated, obtained by deep cultivation on beer wort medium of six species of xylotrophic fungi: Trametes pubescens, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis betulina, Plicaturopsis crispa, Schizophyllum commune, and Hypsizygus marmoreus. The filtrate of cultural fluids (CF) in dilutions of 1:10 and 1:100 was used in the work. The most pronounced positive effect on the growth parameters of T. pubescens filtrate was found at a dilution of 1:100. A partial increase in root length and shoot height was observed compared to the positive control with aluminum. Other exometabolites didn’t show a noticeable protective effect, and in some cases (F. fomentarius), wheat growth inhibition was increased. The effect of exometabolites strongly depended on the fungal species and concentration of the filtrate. The data obtained indicate the toxicity of some exometabolites of basidiomycetes to plants.