Correlation of Surface Ammonia Concentration on a Rotting Corpse to the Degree of Decomposition

Background: Ammonia is toxic at high concentrations, and those who handle corpses should be cautious about the ammonia produced by decomposition. However, there is a dearth of reports showing an appropriate index for the ammonia level of corpses. Methods: The progression of decomposition was divided into four stages based on easily visible changes in appearance, namely, skin discoloration and soft tissue destruction. Ammonia was quantified in the liquid decomposition products on the surface of the corpse and in the air surrounding it. Results: During moderate to severe decomposition, ammonia concentrations rose to levels that could cause serious damage to the respiratory system and ocular mucosa due to chemical irritation. However, as decay progressed and bone became exposed, ammonia concentration decreased. Conclusion: This study revealed that ammonia levels can be predicted from the visual stage of corpse decomposition. We believe that these results can guide the safe handling of bodies.