Contribution of Stakeholders’ Intervention on Accessibility of HIV Health Services in Makambako Town Council, Tanzania

This study assessed the contribution of stakeholders’ interventions to the accessibility of HIV health services in Makambako Town Council, Tanzania, within the context of the PEPFAR-supported programme. A cross-sectional research design was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from a sample of 503 PEPFAR beneficiaries through questionnaires, interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis to complement statistical findings. The findings revealed that training and stakeholder engagement had a significant positive influence on accessibility to HIV health services, enhancing knowledge, service delivery, and community trust. Awareness campaigns increased knowledge but had no significant independent effect on accessibility. In contrast, labour, financial support, and provision of materials demonstrated weak or negative effects, largely due to challenges such as poor coordination, weak accountability mechanisms, and inefficiencies in resource management. These results highlight that the effectiveness of stakeholder interventions depends not only on resource availability but also on coordination, governance, and alignment among actors. The study concludes that while stakeholder interventions under PEPFAR have improved access to HIV services, persistent systemic challenges limit their full impact. It recommends prioritising capacity building through training, strengthening accountability in financial and material resource management, and enhancing coordinated stakeholder participation. The study contributes to policy and practice by providing evidence-based insights to improve stakeholder-driven health interventions and promote equitable access to HIV health services in Tanzania.