Modern possibilities of stimulating reparative processes in perineal wounds in the surgical treatment of complex forms of fistulas of the anus and rectum (review)

Surgical treatment of complex forms of anal fistulas is associated with the formation of extensive perineal wounds, which are characterized by a long healing period, which increases the rehabilitation time of patients. The article discusses physical, chemical, surgical, and biological methods for stimulating wound regeneration and the possibilities of their use for the treatment of extensive perineal wounds. Currently, the use of stem cells is a promising direction in the treatment of common perineal wounds. An analysis of existing scientific papers indicates the safety and high efficiency of autologous adipose tissue components and a wide range of stem cell effects on healing processes in many fields of medicine. However, data on the use of MSCs in coloproctology are very limited, and their place remains not fully understood.