Polyorchidism: radiological features and therapeutic management of a rare congenital anomaly

Polyorchidism, or the presence of supernumerary testes, is a rare congenital anomaly of the genitourinary system. Most cases are asymptomatic and incidentally discovered during imaging or surgery for unrelated conditions. The anomaly is associated with an increased risk of torsion, inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism, and, rarely, malignancy. Accurate diagnosis requires careful evaluation of anatomical and functional characteristics using high-resolution ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathological assessment when indicated. Management should be individualized, balancing fertility preservation with malignancy risk, and may involve either conservative monitoring or surgical intervention. Psychological and ethical considerations are important, particularly for young patients, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary care involving uro- logists, pediatric surgeons, pediatricians, and psychiatrists. We present a rare case of left-sided triorchidism in a 17-year-old male, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges and the importance of an integrated, patient- centered approach in both medical and psychosocial aspects of care.