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The Brazilian robalo-flecha and the common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) are the same species under two legal orders. Drawing on the functional method of comparative law and on the distinction between norms of conduct and norms of structure, this study compares the management instruments applied to it in São Paulo and in Florida. Brazil provides norms of conduct in most substantive dimensions but lacks the norms of structure that would update them from data. In Florida, the species is designated as protected, management is reviewed annually by region, and licence revenue is earmarked by statute for its conservation. The Brazilian deficit is one of structure, not of instrument.
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Neto et al. (2026) studied this question.
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