Maternal nutritional status in first-trimester pregnant women – A pilot study

Background/objectives: Spontaneous abortion (SAb) is the most frequent first-trimester complication, often with unclear etiology. This study compared hematological and biochemical markers of maternal nutritional status at clinical presentation in women with ongoing pregnancy and first-trimester SAb. Methods: A prospective analytical observational comparative study included 127 women at 6 to 11 gestational weeks admitted between September and December 2025. The ongoing pregnancy group included 105 women, and the SAb group included 22 women. Hematological indices, serum proteins, vitamin B12, iron, ferritin, folate, vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium were assessed. Results: SAb was associated with lower hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron, folate, and vitamin D levels, while vitamin B12 was higher. Ferritin, calcium, and magnesium did not differ significantly. Conclusions: Serum folate and vitamin D remain associated with SAb, without proving causality or predictive value.