Consumer Protection in Digital Marketplaces: Islamic Ethics and Positive Law for Urban Muslim Communities

The rapid development of digital marketplaces expands public access to goods and services, yet simultaneously escalates transactional risks, including misleading information, personal data misuse, unverified merchant identities, promotional manipulation, ambiguous halal certification statuses, and inadequate post-transaction dispute remedies. This study aims to analyze consumer protection in digital marketplaces through the integration of Islamic ethics and Indonesian positive law, focusing on urban Muslim communities as the primary contextual domain. Utilizing a normative legal research methodology, this study employs statutory, conceptual, and normative comparative approaches. Primary sources encompass Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law Number 1 of 2024 on the Second Amendment to the ITE Law, Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019, Regulation of the Minister of Trade Number 19 of 2026, alongside DSN-MUI Fatwas Number 144 and 146 of 2021. The Islamic ethical analysis grounds itself in the foundational principles of ṣidq (truthfulness), amānah (accountability), 'adl (justice), tarāḍī (mutual consent), the prohibitions of tadlīs (deception) and gharar (uncertainty), and ḥifẓ al-māl (preservation of wealth). Findings demonstrate a strong convergence between positive law and Islamic ethics regarding information accuracy, transactional fairness, data security, platform accountability, and accessibility to legal remedies. This study offers a four-layered protection model comprising pre-transaction transparency, transaction integrity, data and halal guarantees, and post-transaction remedy. This model asserts that consumer protection for urban Muslim communities must operate as both a preventive and remedial framework