CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of cancer-related respiratory system injury

The respiratory system is a frequent site of primary and metastatic malignancies. Tumor-related respiratory injury encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders arising from direct invasion, obstruction, metastatic spread, and complications of anticancer therapies. This guideline provides a comprehensive framework for the holistic, integrative management of these conditions, based on a synthesis of current evidence and clinical expertise. It begins with an overview of respiratory system structure and function, followed by a detailed analysis of the mechanisms by which tumors cause respiratory damage. Subsequent chapters address the diagnosis and management of specific clinical entities, including tumor-associated pulmonary infections, cancer-associated thromboembolism, airway obstruction, and respiratory failure. A major focus is placed on the spectrum of treatment-related lung injuries, including those induced by surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, molecular targeted agents, anti-angiogenic therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The guideline concludes with considerations for managing malignancies in patients with pre-existing chronic lung diseases. The overarching goal is to standardize diagnosis and treatment strategies, thereby improving outcomes for patients with tumor-related respiratory system injuries through a multidisciplinary, integrated approach.