The Absolutization of the Proximate: Religious Institutions, Functional Idols, and the Structural Roots of Global Crisis

This review article develops a critical framework for understanding the structural role of religious, secular, and technological institutions in contemporary global crises. It argues that the fundamental issue is not belief in God, but the absolutization of the proximate: the structural tendency within human institutions to grant ultimate status to finite entities such as institutional authority, doctrinal boundaries, leaders, nations, and algorithmic systems. Synthesizing theological and sociological insights, the article demonstrates how these "functional idols" displace the transcendent center, generating systemic division, performative compliance, and control. Drawing on a comparative analysis of Christian and Islamic traditions, the review applies a three-part diagnostic test evaluating the nature of institutional conditions (ethical-transformative versus performative-loyalty), the underlying interests served (mission versus institutional self-preservation), and the empirical fruits of human flourishing versus fear. The analysis further examines how this structural displacement intensifies political, economic, ecological, and psychological crises. Extending the framework to the digital age, the article demonstrates that artificial intelligence and algorithmic curation replicate these dynamics. AI systems perform god-like attributes, omniscience through data collection, judgment through curation, and loyalty through engagement metrics; thereby becoming functional idols. This algorithmic absolutization reduces the human person to "optimized data," fosters echo chambers, and encourages panoptic surveillance and digital tribalism. The review reveals that while institutions are uniquely vulnerable to this idolatry, they also contain internal scriptural and prophetic resources to resist it. To interrupt the cycle of self-absolutization across all domains, religious, political, economic, and digital; the article proposes four structural remedies: institutional accountability, the rigorous protection of freedom of conscience, structural room for prophetic critique, and the recognition of the human being as an end rather than an institutional instrument. Ultimately, resolving these interconnected global crises requires an architectural reorientation. The article concludes that institutional structures must remain servants of the transcendent, ensuring that human spiritual, moral, and intellectual development becomes the fundamental metric of institutional success. The world does not need a new religion; it needs the continuous courage to ask, within every institution and technological system, whether its operative center is the ultimate or merely the proximate.