CFD investigation on the thermal transport characteristics and turbulent flow dynamics of combined oblique offset jet and wall jet flow over a heated wall

The present numerical investigation aims to examine the influence of offset jet obliquity ( ϕ ), Reynolds number ( Re ), and wall thermal boundary conditions on the heat transfer characteristics of a dual jet (DJ) formed by the interaction of an offset jet (OJ) and a wall jet (WJ) over a heated surface. The parameters ϕ , offset ratio ( OR ), and Re are varied from 90 ° − 45 ° , 5 − 13 , and 10000 − 25000 , respectively. The thermal behavior of the DJ is evaluated using local & average Nusselt numbers ( N u x , N u a v g ), wall heat flux ( q w ), and wall temperature ( T w ) distributions. The results reveal that decreasing the offset jet obliquity from 90 ° to 45 ° significantly enhances heat transfer by promoting earlier jet interaction and stronger turbulent mixing. The Nu avg increases by approximately 11 − 13 % when ϕ is reduced from 90 ° to 45 ° , while an increase in Re from 10000 to 25000 results in an enhancement of nearly 110 − 115 % in the Nu