Intranasal Drug Delivery: A Non- Invasive Approach in Brain Targeted NDDS

By partially avoiding the blood–brain barrier (BBB), intranasal medication delivery is a new and promising method of delivering therapeutic medicines directly to the brain. The architectural and physiological features of the nasal cavity, the pathways and mechanisms of nose-to-brain medication transport, and the key elements affecting drug absorption and brain targeting are all covered in this review. To enhance drug stability, nasal retention, bioavailability, and targeted distribution, a number of formulation techniques have been studied, including nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, microemulsions, exosomes, mucoadhesive systems, and thermoresponsive in-situ gels. To improve medication deposition in the olfactory area, specialized nasal administration devices have also been created. Clinical translation is still significantly hampered by issues such mucociliary clearance, enzymatic degradation, restricted nasal absorption, formulation stability, and possible toxicity. To determine the long-term effectiveness and safety of these technologies, more investigation, thorough safety evaluations, standardized assessment techniques, and carefully planned clinical studies are required. As a result, administering drugs intranasal is a practical method of treating central nervous system disorders.