Enhancing Maritime Supply Chain Performance Through Digital Technology, Supplier Collaboration, and Logistics Capability: A Moderated Mediation Approach

This study investigates how digital technology adoption, supplier collaboration, and logistics capability collectively enhance maritime supply chain performance through the mediating role of maritime supply chain agility and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. Positioned within the context of ports, shipping companies, and maritime logistics service providers, the research integrates the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Contingency Theory to explain how internal capabilities and external conditions interact in modern maritime ecosystems. A quantitative explanatory design is proposed, utilizing survey data from maritime logistics and port operations professionals, with analysis conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study anticipates that digitalization initiatives such as vessel monitoring systems, port automation, and real-time cargo tracking along with strong collaborative relationships among shipping lines, marine equipment suppliers, and port operators, significantly strengthen agility in maritime logistics processes. Robust logistics capability, including efficient port handling, vessel turnaround, and multimodal connectivity, is also expected to contribute to higher agility, which in turn drives key performance outcomes such as reduced port congestion, improved schedule reliability, and enhanced customer satisfaction. Environmental uncertainty stemming from weather disruptions, regulatory shifts, geopolitical tensions, and fluctuating freight markets is hypothesized to amplify the importance of agility in achieving performance gains within maritime supply chains. The study contributes theoretically by extending supply chain agility research into the maritime domain and practically by offering insights for maritime managers seeking to build resilient, technology-enabled, and adaptable logistics systems. Recommendations include prioritizing digital investments, strengthening supplier collaboration frameworks, and developing agile port and shipping operations capable of responding effectively to turbulent maritime environments.