Wood-based functional nanomaterials for CO2 capture

With rising atmospheric CO 2 levels, amine-based solvents and porous solid adsorbents have advanced considerably, but still suffer from high energy costs, instability, and environmental issues. Wood, as a renewable material with hierarchical pores and tunable surface chemistry, has attracted growing interest for sustainable CO 2 capture. This review systematically covers recent progress in wood-based nanomaterials for CO 2 capture, encompassing diverse precursors such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, delignified wood, bark, sawdust, black-liquor-derived products, and porous carbons. A precursor-based classification is introduced, and hardwoods are compared with softwoods to highlight how their anatomical and chemical traits affect pore structure and capture performance. Preparation strategies for porous carbons, aerogels, and membranes are discussed in relation to structure–performance trade-offs, alongside physical, chemical, and synergistic modifications. Applications in CO 2 capture, catalysis, life cycle analysis, and machine learning are also summarized. This review offers design principles for sustainable, high-performance wood-based CO 2 adsorbents and identifies future research directions.