Exploring the Value of Character Education in Arabic Calligraphy: A Systematic Literature Review in Indonesia

This systematic review aims to synthesize qualitative evidence regarding the teaching of Arabic calligraphy and its role in instilling character values ​​in students across various formal and non-formal educational settings in Indonesia. The study consolidates findings from prior research covering calligraphy learning experiences, teaching strategies, character values ​​fostered, and the use of innovative media in the learning process. A search and selection process was conducted for relevant studies published between 2016 and 2025, including journal articles, conference proceedings, undergraduate and doctoral theses/dissertations, and literature reviews. Data were extracted based on researcher names, publication years, research foci, key findings, and educational levels. Subsequently, a meta-aggregation approach was employed to categorize these findings into several synthesis themes. The review reveals that the 31 selected research papers highlight four key findings. First, Arabic calligraphy instruction contributes to the formation of religious character and traits of independence, such as discipline, patience, perseverance, creativity, and responsibility. Second, calligraphy supports the enhancement of Arabic writing skills, visual-spatial intelligence, and aesthetic appreciation. Third, this art form serves as a medium for da’wah (the activity of conveying Islamic teachings), the strengthening of Islamic identity, and the preservation of Islamic culture. Fourth, the use of audiovisual media, digital design, eco-canvas, and augmented reality presents innovative opportunities to enrich students’ learning experiences sustainably. The review recommends the development of more targeted, contextual, and integrative calligraphy learning models to strengthen character education while addressing the needs of contemporary Islamic education.