Quantifying physical and market losses of hilsa fish (Tenualosa ilisha) value chain: a nationwide assessment of fishers and traders

Post-harvest loss of fish remains a critical challenge affecting food security and economic sustainability in Bangladesh. This study assessed the magnitude and causes of post-harvest loss of hilsa fish across Bangladesh at both the fishers and traders’ levels to estimate physical and market losses and identify the key factors contributing to these losses. A total of 4025 respondents, including 1312 fishers and 2713 traders, were surveyed using structured questionnaires. For data analysis, this research applied the questionnaire loss assessment method (QLAM) and descriptive techniques. Findings showed that the physical and market losses during the capture was 45.06 kg per metric ton (MT), consisting of 1.41 kg physical loss (quantity) and 43.65 kg market loss (economic loss due to reduced selling price). Notably, market loss was higher at the trader level compared with the fisher level. Among all traders’ maximum market loss was found at Bepari level (12.58 kg MT–1), following the retailer level (9.98 kg MT–1) and minimum loss was found at aratder level (2.42 kg MT–1). Quality deterioration and unfavorable market conditions, such as excess supply and reduced demand, were identified as the major contributors to losses. Physical loss mainly resulted from prolonged harvesting time, high temperature, and delayed marketing. The study concluded that post-harvest loss of hilsa was primarily driven by market-related factors rather than physical damage. Improving handling practices, strengthening cold storage facilities, and enhancing market management could reduce these losses and improve economic outcomes.