A multidimensional model for understanding the motivations of academic inventors in university patenting

Objective: This article aims to propose a multidimensional model for understanding the motivations of academic inventors involved in university patenting. Through a systematic classification of the factors that drive patenting activity, it seeks to address gaps in the literature that often treat these aspects in a fragmented manner. Methodology: The study is based on a comprehensive theoretical review, guided by Self-Determination Theory and complemented by key works on inventor profiles and organizational innovation, leading to the identification of 27 motivational factors distributed across personal, behavioral, and environmental dimensions. To demonstrate the model's operational viability, an illustrative empirical application was conducted using a dataset of 450 serial academic inventors from Brazilian public universities. Originality/Relevance: The framework integrates diverse perspectives into a coherent multidimensional structure, offering a comprehensive view of how intrinsic and extrinsic motivations interact within the academic context. This perspective is essential for mapping inventor profiles and formulating targeted incentive policies in diverse innovation ecosystems. Main Results: The model effectively operationalizes theoretical constructs into measurable profiles. The illustrative case revealed a complex paradox: while inventors are overwhelmingly driven by intrinsic challenges ("Puzzle") and possess an entrepreneurial orientation, systemic barriers foster a "Serial-Passive" behavior, highlighting a disconnect between intent and collaborative reality. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: By organizing patenting drivers into a multidimensional model and demonstrating its empirical applicability, it serves as a conceptual tool that can be tested and refined in empirical research, supporting both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Social/ Management Contributions: The study provides universities and technology transfer offices with an evidence-based diagnostic tool to design more effective strategies. By identifying specific motivational alignments and institutional bottlenecks, it enables managers to foster patenting activity, potentially strengthening innovative ecosystems and contributing to the sustainable development of academic institutions.