IoT-Based Smart Water Monitoring, Automated Billing and Excess Flow Control System: A Review

Water conservation and its proper distribution are major problems in residential buildings and housing societies. Traditional methods of water management may involve manually reading meters, inspection, and late billing, which makes it hard to detect excessive flow and leakage quickly. The IoT facilitates connectivity between sensors, microcontrollers, communication network, database, and user interface. This review highlights fifteen research papers regarding IoT-based water monitoring, smart metering, automatic billing, flow sensing, water quality monitoring, wireless communication, and intelligent water management. These research papers focus on residential water metering, apartment billing, retrofit monitoring, pressure and flow sensing, water distribution network, and resource management strategy. There are several possibilities of integrating flat wise consumption sensing, automatic billing, excessive flow sensing, alarming, and supply control using valves into one device. The framework for such integration is suggested in this paper. The effectiveness of such framework needs to be checked experimentally through flow sensing precision, billing precision, abnormal flow sensing precision, controlling reaction time, communication efficiency, and data integrity.