Lyapunov spectrum, Harder--Narasimhan filtration and thin monodromy

We study the equality case of the inequalities between the Lyapunov spectrum and the Harder--Narasimhan slopes of a semi-simple local system with non-expanding cusp monodromy over a finite-area hyperbolic surface. This gives a nonlattice-transversality alternative of the monodromy group. On the other hand, we generalize Filip's Assumptions A and B to give classes of polarized variation of Hodge structures that achieve the equality. As an application, we recover the thinness of C-32 in Sp₆R. Besides, we provide an upper bound, called average Cartan spectrum, that dominates the Lyapunov spectrum and study its rigidity.