Research on Collaborative Operation Modes of Hydropower and Wind-Photovoltaic Renewable Energy

Global decarbonization is pushing large amounts of wind and solar power onto the grid. Their output is naturally volatile, and that volatility disturbs system stability. Hydropower has flexible regulation and can respond quickly. That is why it has become a reliable partner for absorbing the uncertainty of renewable output.This paper reviews the ways hydropower and wind-PV have been coordinated, drawing on the domestic and international literature. For each approach it compares the scenarios that fit, the gains achieved, and the limits. Four main paths come out of the studies: stochastic optimization based on physical models, flexibility resource expansion, multi-agent benefit compensation, and macroscopic regional competition.The paper does not stop at listing these technologies. It sets up a four-level framework that runs from technical scheduling, through physical flexibility and benefit coordination, to regional governance. Each path is matched against the concrete scenarios it targets and the range it can cover. The aim is to give planners and schedulers of large clean energy bases a theoretical reference they can draw on.