Design and Development of a Quantum Metrology-Based Network for Ultra-Sensitive Magnetic and Electric Field Detection

In the field of quantum sensing, biomedical diagnostics, nanoscale characterization and advanced electromagnetic monitoring, the detection of weak magnetic and electric fields demands ultra-sensitive sensors with low noise levels, high spatial resolution, and high sensitivity. But, the conventional sensors are sensitive, limited in spatial resolution and have poor noise immunity. This study presents a theoretical and numerical simulation-based investigation of Quantum Metrology-Based Ultra-Sensitive Magnetic and Electric Field Detection (QMUFD) framework, which involves NV-center diamond sensing, preparation of a quantum state, adaptively interrogating the NV-center, suppressing the decoherence, optimizing the Fisher information, and estimating a joint field. The proposed method aims at optimizing the quantum interrogation parameters without sacrificing the quantum coherence effect in the process, to achieve the best possible weak-field detection. The quantitative evaluation results are that the sensitivity of magnetic field is 0.80 nT/√Hz, the sensitivity of electric field is 8.5 V/cm/√Hz, and the SNR is 49.7 dB, the estimation error is 0.62% and the gap of the QCRB is reduced to 4.2%. Ablation analysis shows that adaptive optimization and suppression of the decoherence significantly help in boosting performance. The framework suggested in this work can therefore be used as a promising basis for the high precision measurement of nanoscale magnetic and electric fields, for biomedical, semiconductor, material and quantum based measurement systems.