Stability and Dynamics of High-Charge Vector Vortex-Antivortex Solitons in the (2+1)D Cubic-Quintic Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation

We investigate the existence, stability, and nonlinear dynamics of high-charge vector vortex solitons (VVSs) in a (2+1)D vectorial cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau model describing multimode laser cavities. The analysis combines a variational approach (VA), radial linear stability theory based on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, and direct numerical simulations of the full field equations. We demonstrate that vortex-antivortex pairs with opposite topological charges \((+m,-m)\) and \(m ≥ 2\) can be stabilized within specific dissipative regimes through the combined action of cubic-quintic nonlinearities, gain-loss balance, and vectorial coupling between polarization components. The VA reveals that the topological charge \(m\) plays an active role in the underlying energy balance: increasing \(m\) leads to broader beam widths and higher total power, while reducing the stationary amplitude and wavefront curvature, thereby reshaping the stability landscape. Linear stability analysis of the variational system further shows that the domain of radially stable fixed points contracts as \(m\) increases, confirming the enhanced sensitivity of high-charge vortices to perturbations at the level of the collective-coordinate dynamics. These variational predictions are fully supported by direct numerical simulations of the full model, which reveal a rich variety of dynamical scenarios, including stable propagation, self-confinement into fundamental solitons, and azimuthal symmetry breaking with fragmentation into pinned intensity peaks. In the latter case, the breakup process is interpreted as a redistribution of orbital angular momentum (OAM) among emerging structures rather than its destruction. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive physical picture of dissipative VVSs in nonlinear laser systems and identifies robust stabilization regimes for high-order topological states. The results, grounded in a Maxwell-Bloch-derived model, suggest realistic conditions for experimental observation and open perspectives for applications in structured light engineering, optical information encoding, and OAM-based photonic devices.