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I priced what satellite clocks allow torsion to do, and the answer is a fence, stated at full size. In Einstein–Cartan theory a clock reads the metric: its rate is set by proper time along its worldline, dτ = √-gμν\,dxμdxν/c, and torsion — algebraically tied to intrinsic spin density, non-propagating, and absent in vacuum — has **no direct channel** to a clock's rate. The satellite record then bounds every claim that pretends otherwise. The Galileo GREAT gravitational-redshift test measured the redshift deviation parameter at α = (0.19 ± 2.48)×10⁻⁵ (Delva et al. and Herrmann et al., *Phys. Rev. Lett.* 121, 231101/231102, 2018), so any direct, potential-tracking torsion shift of a clock rate is bounded at the **2.5×10⁻⁵ level of the general-relativistic redshift — in absolute terms (estimate) about 1.3×10⁻¹⁵ in fractional frequency on the Galileo eccentric-orbit modulation**. GPS, running operationally on a net $+38$ µs/day relativistic correction ($+45$ µs/day gravitational, $-7$ µs/day kinematic), verifies the metric bookkeeping continuously, though — and I flag this against my own fence — a *constant* anomalous rate would be absorbed into the GPS factory frequency offset, so GPS bounds time-varying and orbit-dependent shifts operationally, not constant ones; the constant-and-modulated bound is GREAT's. My ground-clock paper #188 (*A Millimetre of Gravity: What the New Clocks Have Already Weighed*, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23926071) is re-priced against the orbital numbers in §4: the orbital potential swing is roughly 5×10⁸ times a millimetre of height, while ground optical clocks hold the tighter absolute fractional-frequency floor — the two records fence different directions and neither replaces the other. One honest channel survives, and I state it in §5: spin density can source the metric itself, at second order through its effective stress-energy, and clocks read that metric — at the Earth's densities the effect sits an estimated fifty orders of magnitude below anything a clock will ever read. The road marked "torsion shifts satellite clocks directly" is closed at 10⁻⁵. I close it here so nobody in this house spends a year walking down it.
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William Alexander Aldred (2026) studied this question.
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