Failure of superharmonicity near an isolated singularity of the critical biharmonic equation

Let n≥5 and u be a positive singular solution of Δ²u=u(n+4)/(n-4) in a punctured ball. A long-standing question is where or not $ -Δu>0$ in the punctured ball. In this paper we show that the answer is negative. More precisely we construct a positive singular solution whose singularity at the origin is nonremovable, while its lower limit there is zero. On a normal subspace, $-Δu$ converges to a strictly negative constant. The spherical minimum has order r^β, where $2<β<4$, and the spherical Harnack ratio is unbounded. The proof uses balanced planar polygons, finitely many exterior parameters and a countable gluing construction.