Glaciotectonic Spectrum

Glaciotectonic landforms include a spectrum of hill-hole pairs, composite ridges, push moraines, cupola hills, and drumlins with deformed internal structures. Their regional distribution as well as buried glaciotectonic features are reviewed with an emphasis on Scandinavia, adjacent Russia, and Baltic nations. LiDAR and ground investigations were the keys for recognizing murtoos as a new category of distinct glaciotectonic landforms, which are particularly well documented in Finland and Sweden. Three main zones of glacial landscapes are recognized for ice-sheet glaciation - outer, intermediate, and inner, as well as a transitional boundary between the outer and intermediate zones. Glaciotectonic phenomena are numerous and widespread in all of these zones wherever the substratum consists of sedimentary bedrock or unconsolidated sediments.