Carboniferous–Cenozoic Synapsid-to-Mammaliaformes Stem Transition, Detached Three-Bone Middle Ear Evolution, and the 318–0 Ma Crown Mammalia Total-Evidence Time-Tree

Carboniferous–Cenozoic Synapsid-to-Mammaliaformes Stem Transition, Detached Three-Bone Middle Ear Evolution, and the 318–0 Ma Crown Mammalia Total-Evidence Time-Tree A 66-taxon, 1.82 Mb Dual-Pass Blinded Dayhoff-6 + CAT-GTR + Partitioned Mkv + Fossilized Birth-Death synthesis (B = 500 RuNIE replicates) traces the 318 Myr synapsid-to-mammal transition, places Triassic Haramiyida on the mammaliaform stem (214.6 Ma), dates Crown Mammalia to 184.6 Ma and Crown Theria to 158.4 Ma, and resolves the co-evolution of the detached 3-bone middle ear and casein lactation. Canonical Preprint URL: https://crvscience.com/labs/preprints/synapsida-mammaliaformes-timetree-preprint Open-Source Software Repository (GNU GPL-3.0): https://github.com/bpwhite/crvscience-labs