Koszul duality and homotopy algebras for operads over quivers

For a quiver Q, we introduce and study Q-operads (or operads over Q), defined as a special sort of fc-multicategories or virtual double categories, in which the directions of the arrows of Q encode the permitted input orderings. In this higher operadic framework, we construct the bar--cobar adjunction and develop a theory of Koszul duality and homotopy algebras, together with compatibility results under changes of quiver. We treat dg categories and their left modules, right modules, and bimodules as algebras over quiver-operads. We prove that these operads are Koszul and that their resolutions govern the corresponding A_∞ categories and modules. We also categorify Sagave's notion of derived A_∞ algebras and introduce modules over derived A_∞ algebras and categories. Finally, we explain that restriction along a folding of quivers constructs diagonal A_∞ bimodules, while extension along an inclusion of quivers realizes two-sided bar models of derived tensor products.