The relationship between self-esteem related to physical appearance and subjective well-being during adolescence

Introduction. Within the framework of positive psychology, this article reviews both international and Russian research conducted over recent decades on the relationship between subjective well-being and self-perception of physical appearance. Aim. The present study aims to examine the relationship between self-perception of physical appearance and subjective well-being during early adolescence. Methodology and research methods. The following instruments were employed in the empirical study: the Self-Esteem of Physical Appearance Scale (V. A. Labunskaya), the Attitude Towards One’s Physical Appearance: Satisfaction and Concern Questionnaire (V. A. Labunskaya and E. V. Kapitanova), the Subjective Well-Being Scale (A. Perrudet-Badoux, adapted by M. V. Sokolova), and the Diagnostics of Subjective Well-Being of the Individual (R. M. Shamionov and T. V. Beskova). Results . Young men and women who evaluate their appearance positively exhibit higher levels of subjective well-being. A negative correlation has been identified between satisfaction with one’s physical appearance and indicators of subjective well-being such as tension, psycho-emotional symptoms, and mood swings, alongside a positive correlation with self-rated health. Young women tend to be more attentive to their appearance and to how others perceive it than young men. Young men demonstrate a stronger focus on the positive emotional pole – experiencing satisfaction with their appearance – whereas young women tend to focus on the opposite pole, namely concern about their appearance. In young men, self-perceived appearance scales are more frequently associated with social-normative well-being, while in young women they are more commonly linked to hedonistic well-being. Scientific novelty. The study provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between key indicators of subjective well-being and self-perception of physical appearance, considering gender during early adolescence, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of this association. Practical significance. A detailed analysis of the relationship between the primary indicators of subjective well-being and measures of self-perception regarding physical appearance can provide a foundation for developing corrective and developmental programmes aimed at promoting a positive body image and enhancing subjective well-being, with due consideration of gender.