Key result
Combined dyslipidemia affects ~74% of young ACS patients and links to in-hospital mortality.
Why the study?
Although dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor for early CAD, its patterns and clinical implications remain understudied in young patients presenting with ACS in Central India.
Cross-Sectional (n=120)
No
Young Indian adults presenting with ACS exhibit a high prevalence of combined dyslipidemia (74.2%) where individual lipid levels and overall dyslipidemia patterns show distinct associations with in-hospital arrhythmias, ICU stay duration, and mortality, underscoring the need for comprehensive lipid profiling.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Dyslipidemia patterns may help stratify in-hospital risk in young ACS; extends prior South Asian cohorts but remains hypothesis-generating.
Background: Early coronary artery disease (CAD) is an emerging public health problem in India, where young individuals are frequently admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Although dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor, its pattern and clinical implications remain understudied in young patients with CAD-ACS in Central India. Subject and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Indore, India, from January to December 2024. Patients aged 18–45 years with a definite diagnosis of CAD-ACS were consecutively enrolled after obtaining informed consent. A total of 120 patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation and fasting lipid profiling. Dyslipidemia was classified according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Patients were followed for in-hospital outcomes, including arrhythmias, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and mortality. Data were analysed using JAMOVI, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the 120 patients was 37.46 ± 5.72 years, and 73.3% were male. Combined dyslipidemia was the predominant pattern (74.2%). Low HDL was the most prevalent lipid abnormality (76.7%), followed by elevated LDL (55%) and hypertriglyceridemia (50%). STEMI was the most common ACS presentation (60.8%), and dyslipidemia pattern was significantly associated with ACS type (p=0.005). Arrhythmias occurred in 15% of patients and were associated with significantly higher total cholesterol (p=0.029), LDL (p=0.002), and triglyceride levels (p=0.036). Triglycerides (ρ=0.240, p=0.008) and total cholesterol (ρ=0.193, p=0.035) showed significant positive correlations with ICU-stay duration. In-hospital mortality was 4.2%, and dyslipidemia pattern was significantly associated with mortality (p=0.043). Conclusion: Young adults with CAD-ACS demonstrated a high burden of dyslipidemia, predominantly combined dyslipidemia, with low HDL as the most frequent abnormality followed by elevated LDL and hypertriglyceridemia. Lipid abnormalities showed differential associations with arrhythmias, ICU-stay duration, and in-hospital mortality. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive lipid profiling in young patients with CAD-ACS rather than focusing on a single lipid abnormality.
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Maheshwari et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Acute Coronary Syndrome (CAD-ACS) (n=120). Dyslipidemia patterns and fasting lipid parameters vs. Normal lipid profile or differing dyslipidemia patterns was evaluated on Prevalence of combined dyslipidemia and association of dyslipidemia pattern with in-hospital mortality (p=0.043). Dyslipidemia in young ACS adults was predominantly combined (74.2%) with low HDL (76.7%), and dyslipidemia pattern was significantly associated with 4.2% in-hospital mortality (p=0.043).
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