Unique and novel methanotroph taxa from the tropics: taxonomic novelty and a gateway to methane mitigation and valorization applications

Methanotrophs represent a distinctive group of microorganisms characterized by their specialized metabolic pathways, unique morphological traits, and diverse taxonomic classifications. These bacteria play a crucial role in the global methane cycle by oxidizing methane, a potent greenhouse gas, thereby contributing to climate regulation. Over the past decade, our research group has made significant strides in exploring methanotroph diversity, particularly within the Indian subcontinent. We have successfully identified and described several novel species and two new genera of methanotrophs isolated from rice fields and wetland ecosystems in India. These discoveries mark the first and only documented methanotrophs from India, highlighting the untapped microbial diversity of these habitats and underscoring the importance of regional studies in global microbial taxonomy. To facilitate these findings, we developed a modified cultivation technique that has proven instrumental in isolating and characterising these elusive organisms. This innovative approach has not only expanded the known diversity of methanotrophs but also opened new avenues for their application in biotechnology. The unique physiological traits of these Indian methanotrophs hold promise for biotechnological innovations, including methane mitigation strategies, biofertilizer development, and bioconversion processes. As climate change continues to pose significant challenges, the valorization of methanotrophs through sustainable technologies presents a compelling opportunity. Our ongoing research aims to harness these microorganisms for environmental and industrial applications, positioning methanotrophs as key players in the pursuit of climate resilience and ecological sustainability.