Production and Commercialization of Traditional Agri-Food Products (TAPs) of Plant Origin in Campania: A Territorial-Scale Analysis

According to the list of Traditional Agri-food Products (TAPs) of the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forestry, 1636 plant-based TAPs are currently registered in Italy. This study aimed at identifying strengths and constraints associated with the production, commercialization, and conservation status of plant-based TAPs selected in Campania. Data on all 246 TAPs recorded in the region were collected and analysed to assess their distribution in the 5 provinces. The conservation status was assessed by cross-referencing the TAPs list with the Regional Register of Plant Genetic Resources at Risk of Extinction and the National Register of Conservation Varieties. The study was conducted on a sample of 13 products, selected by edible organ (leaf, fruit, inflorescence, seed, and tuber/rhizome). Questionnaires concerning production and commercialization were distributed to two farmers per product. Most farms showed limited surfaces (<1 ha in 69.2%), with low yearly production levels (<10 q in 27% and 10–50 q in 38%). Cultivation mainly consists of organic farming (58%), reflecting the widespread adoption of low-input and environmentally sustainable practices, but entails higher production costs and operational constraints, affecting farm economic sustainability and competitiveness in broader markets. All farms distribute products at the local level, while 15% and 23% also reach national and European markets, respectively. Our results highlight the potential role of TAPs in supporting the sustainable utilisation of local plant genetic resources, territorial identity and rural food tourism. Strengthening the economic viability of plant-based TAPs may contribute to reducing the risk of genetic erosion and preserving Campania’s plant biodiversity and cultural heritage.